Perninae: Chondrohierax, Leptodon, Elanoides, ( Pernis), Hamirostra, Lophoictinia, ( Henicopernis).
Elaninae: Gampsonyx, Chelictinia, Elanus. This results in the following arrangement (genera in parentheses are not generally called kites): Several of the large kites are related more closely to the Buteo hawks (buzzards) than to the group of "true" kites and sea-eagles.īoyd places the "true" milvine kites ( Milvus and Haliastur) with the sea-eagles in tribe Milvini within Buteoninae. It was not until the 1960s that a similar molt schedule established its affinity to Elanus.īy 2015, genetic research showed that many of the kite genera are related to honey-buzzards, and that the tiny bat hawk ( Machaerhamphus or Macheirhamphus) is actually related to the huge harpy eagles. The pearl kite Gampsonyx had variously been placed with the accipiters, forest-falcons, or elanine kites. Milvinae: Harpagus, Ictinia, Rostrhamus, Helicolestes, Milvus, Lophoictinia, Hamirostra, Haliastur. Perninae: Elanoïdes, ( Aviceda, Henicopernis, Pernis, Odontotriorchis), Chondrohierax. Elaninae: Elanus, Chelictinia, Machaerhamphus. His arrangement of kite genera was as follows: In contrast, Peters grouped the large kites into subfamily Milvinae and most small kites into Elaninae, with a few small kites joining the honey-buzzards and bazas in Perninae. His order was: Elanoides, Chelictinia, Milvus, Lophoictinia, Rostrhamus, Helicolestes, Chondrohierax, Odontriorchis, Gypoictinia (= Hamirostra), Elanus, Gampsonyx, Ictinia, Harpagus, Baza, Aviceda, Henicopernis, Machærhamphus, Pernis. Swann's 1922 synopsis grouped all the kites together with the "cuckoo-falcons" and honey buzzards into a large Milvinæ subfamily. Vieillot and others to place this bird near the Kites", he wrote that the strong affinity in characteristics and manners warranted it to be placed closer to the falcons. Though noting that "the wings are of considerable length, extending far beyond the tail, a character which has induced M. Vieillot" and "the Mississippi Kite of Mr. Vigors placed Ictinia – "the Milan Cresserelle of M. The fourth primary feather is the longest, leg scales are scutellated, and the exterior toe is united to the middle toe by a membrane. Milvus contained the familiar red and black kites. 
: 333 A year later, he established a separate genus Nauclerus for the scissor- and swallow-tailed kites. But Vigors noted that only the black-winged kite had rounded undersides on the nails of its talons, a trait found in the osprey but not in any other raptors, and thus suggested a separation of Elanus into two sections. The pattern of scales on the legs (acrotarsi) is reticulated, and the toes are separated. These species all have pointed wings with the second primary the longest. In Elanus, he grouped the black-winged kite (now several Elanus spp.), scissor-tailed kite (now Chelictinia), and swallow-tailed kite (now Elanoides). He characterized the kites as having weaker bill and feebler talons than the buzzards, tail more or less forked, and wings longer than the tail. In 1824, Vigors proposed five divisions or stirpes of the family Falconidae: Aquilina (eagles), Accipitrina (hawks), Falconina (falcons), Buteonina (buzzards) and Milvina (kites, containing two genera Elanus and Milvus). Hook-billed kite, Chondrohierax uncinatus.Black-breasted buzzard, Hamirostra melanosternonĪ few of the traditional Perninae are also called kites.Slender-billed kite, Helicolestes hamatus – formerly in Rostrhamus.Mississippi kite, Ictinia mississippiensis.Double-toothed kite, Harpagus bidentatus.Subfamily Milvinae or Buteoninae, or tribe Harpagini.Yellow-billed kite, Milvus (migrans) aegyptius.Black-eared kite, Milvus (migrans) lineatus.Cape Verde kite, Milvus (milvus) fasciicauda – extinct (2000).Swallow-tailed kite, Elanoides forficatus.Genus Elanoides – often classified in Perninae.Bat hawk, Machaerhamphus alcinus – traditionally Elaninae or Falconinae.Scissor-tailed kite, Chelictinia riocourii.Black-shouldered kite, Elanus axillaris.
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